Isu tiri vashambadziri vepasirese vezvizoro, chikafu uye mishonga yekugadzira mutsara michina anopfuura makore makumi maviri. Kunyanya yekugadzira musanganiswa, kune yako yakapfuma kugadzira zviitiko, tekinoroji yepamberi nefekitori iri mudunhu reJiangsu.
Nekugadzira musanganiswa, inogona kugadzirwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa. Sezvo muchina uri sarudzo vacuum, kusanganisa, kudziyisa, homogenizer enda kune emulsion, nezvimwe basa. Saka muchina uchagadzirwa zvichibva pane chaiwo chigadzirwa maitiro ekugadzira.
Isu tinoshandisa makuki kuvandudza ruzivo rwako. Nekuramba uchitsvaga saiti ino, unobvuma kushandisa kwedu makuki. Mamwe mashoko.
Zvinoenderana nemutemo wechipiri we thermodynamics, zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza ganda zvakawanda hazvina kugadzikana muzvisikwa nekuti zvigadzirwa izvi zvinosanganiswa zviviri kana kupfuura zvinhu zvisingasanganise. Kuti uve nechokwadi chehupenyu hwesherufu, zvigadzirwa izvi zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa neakakodzera stabilizer. Kazhinji, ionic kana nonionic surfactants inowedzerwa se emulsifiers.
Zvinotendwa kuti amphiphiles akadaro akaderera molecular uremu anoita zvizoro zvisingaenderane neganda. Naizvozvo, iyo indasitiri yezvizorwa iri kutsvaga surfactant-yemahara lotions anogona kutsiva echinyakare maumbirwo. Kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakagadzika uye zvinoyevedza zvakaringana, sarudzo dzinonyanya kuvimbisa dzinosanganisira polymer emulsifiers kana zvimedu zvakasimba sezvigadzika.
Pamusoro pekushandisa nzira dzakajairwa dzekugadzira, emulsion inogona kudzikamiswa nekushandisa akakodzera macromolecules pane yakaderera molecular weight surfactants. Emulsion kugadzikana kunowanzo vandudzwa nekuwedzera mapolymers kukora uye kuwedzera goho rechikamu chinoenderera.
Nekudaro, kuvandudza mashandiro, surfactant polymers senge hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kana carbomer 1342 inogona kushandiswa seyekutanga emulsifier. Aya mapolymers anoumba akarongwa epakati pechiso mafirimu anobudirira kudzivirira mafuta droplet coalescence. Muchiitiko ichi, kugadzikana kwekuwedzera kwekuwedzera viscosity yechikamu chekunze hakuna kukosha.
Mafungiro akadaro ekugadzira anowanzo kunzi hydrolipid dispersions kana aqueous dispersive gels, iyo inonyanya kukodzera kune zvigadzirwa zvezuva uye nekudaro inozivikanwa se "emulsifier-isina" magadzirirwo. Kubva pakuona kwemuviri nemakemikari izvi hazvina kururama. (According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, zvimiro zveemulsifier zvinotsanangurwa sezvizvi: An emulsifier is a surfactant. Inoderedza tension yeinterfacial tension of the solvent medium uye nokudaro ine mhedzisiro yakanaka pakudsorption paA small amount of emulsifier inogona kukurudzira kuumbwa kwe emulsions kana kuwedzera kugadzikana kwavo kwecolloidal nekudzikisa imwe kana ese ari maviri ekuunganidza uye. coalescence mitengo.)
Chii chinosiyanisa aya magadzirirwo kubva emulsion akasimbiswa ne "chinyakare" emulsifiers kugona kwavo kukonzera kushatirwa: polymer emulsifiers ine yakakwira molecular uremu uye saka haigone kupinda mu stratum corneum. Naizvozvo, kusangana kwakashata kwakadai seMajorca Acne hakutarisirwe. Ndosaka vachidaidzwa kuti “emulsifier-free”. Tafura 1 inoratidza mimwe mienzaniso yekare.
An acrylate/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer yakashandiswa sepolymer emulsifier muFormula A. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose uye polyacrylic acid zvakashandiswa se co-stabilizers. Iyo acrylic copolymer ndeye polymer emulsifier carbomer 1342 yakagadziridzwa neC10-30 alkyl acrylate uye muchinjiko-yakabatana ne allyl pentaerythritol.
Iyo lipophilic alkyl acrylate moiety inotongwa neiyo hydrophilic acrylic acid moiety. Iyo macromolecule inoguma ine huremu hwema molecular 4 x 109. Nyaya yacho haiparadzi, asi kana isina kusimba nehwaro hwakakodzera inowedzera kusvika ku1000 nguva.
Carbomer polymer emulsifiers inoumba gobvu yekudzivirira gel layer yakatenderedza donhwe rega rega reoiri mune yakaderera electrolyte yekumisikidza aqueous chikamu, ine hydrophobic alkyl cheni dzakasungirirwa muchikamu chemafuta. Mayero akajairwa epolymer emulsifiers chete 0.1% kusvika 0.3% anodiwa kuti emulsify kusvika 20% yemafuta.
Kana iyo lotion ikasangana ne electrolyte-ine ganda pamusoro, inova isina kugadzikana nekuti inodzivirira gel layer inobva yazvimba. Mushure mokubvisa chikamu chemafuta, firimu yakaonda yemafuta inoramba iri paganda. Iyi nzira inoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvezuva izvo, pasinei ne hydrophilic properties, zvinodzivirira mvura panguva yekushandiswa.
Emulsions yakagadziriswa ne acrylate / C10-30 alkyl acrylate cross-polymers inogona kugadzirirwa nenzira dzakananga kana dzisina kunanga (ona Tafura 2).
Tafura 2 Scheme yekugadzirira kwemvura-akaparadzirwa gels uchishandisa polymer emulsifiers zvisina kunanga kana zvakananga.
Kuti udzivise kukanganisa kwemagetsi kwepamusoro molecular weight polymer emulsifiers, homogenizers yepamusoro-soro inofanira kushandiswa nekuchenjerera sezvo izvi zvinogona kuderedza emulsion kugadzikana. Kazhinji, avhareji yekudonha dhayamita yezvinyorwa zvakadaro ndeye 20-50 μm. Asi izvi hazvina kukanganisa pakugadzikana kwemuviri.
Kana masisitimu akaparadzirwa zvakanaka (1-5 microns) akasarudzirwa chinangwa chekunakisa, zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera amphiphilic co-emulsifier, semuenzaniso sorbitan monooleate. Nekudaro, mafomula akadaro haambokwanise kunzi "emulsifier-isina."
Kunyangwe Formulation B (ona pazasi peTable 1) iriwo hydrolipid dispersion type, inoshandisa chete hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) sepolymer emulsifier.
Zvinyorwa zvinoshandisa HPMC sepolymer emulsifier hazvinyanyi kushandiswa maererano ne electrolytes zvichienzaniswa nemvura-lipid dispersions inoshandisa iyo polymer emulsifier carbomer 1342. Nokudaro, emulsions yemafuta / mvura iyo yekunze chikamu chesaline solution inoshandiswa uye inoramba yakagadzikana panguva yekuchengetedza.
Nekuda kwekushushikana kwemagetsi kana ichiiswa paganda, iyo lotion inogona kuparadzwa zvishoma uye kugadzira firimu rakaonda rine mafuta paganda, izvo zvinoderedza hydration yeganda. Mushure mokunge mvura inoputika, chikamu chelotion chinoramba chiri paganda, chichigadzira firimu inoshanduka umo madonhwe emafuta anogadziriswa mu polymer matrix.
HPMC-yakagadzikana emulsions inogadzirirwa uchishandisa rotor-stator homogenizer yakadai se Ultra Turrax®. Iyo homogenizer inogadzira madonhwe madiki e2-5 µm muhukuru. Simba guru rinopinza kubva kune ultrasonic kana high pressure homogenization inogona kushandiswa kugadzira nanoemulsions neavhareji dhayamita ye100-500 nm.
Nanoemulsions yakagadziriswa neHPMC inogona kutonhora kugadziriswa kubva kumvura lipid chikamu. Kuti uwane iyo isina kuchena pre-emulsion, chikamu chemafuta emvura uye aqueous polymer solution zvakabatanidzwa pakupisa kwekamuri. Iyo pre-emulsion inopfuudzwa nepamusoro-pressure homogenizer pa20-90 MPa kakawanda kuti iwane yekupedzisira nanoemulsion.
Kunyangwe hazvo zvichigoneka nehunyanzvi kuwedzera kudzvanya kupfuura yakaringana renji pasina matambudziko, izvi zvinowanzo konzera hukuru hwemadonhwe uye hazviwane kupararira kwepamusoro kunodiwa. Chiitiko ichi chinonzi overprocessing uye chinhu chakajairika chepolymer-stabilized emulsions.
Chimwe chinosiyanisa emulsions yakagadziriswa neHPMC ndechekuti inogona kuomeswa mu autoclave pasina kuderera kwakanyanya mumhando yavo. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ivo vanoratidza thermoreversible sol-gel shanduko. Pakupisa kuri pamusoro pe60 °C, chikamu chekunze chinokora uye chinodzivirira kufamba kwemadonhwe emafuta akapararira.
Madonhwe haakwanisi kudhumhana uye chiyero chekubatanidza chinenge chisina basa. Nokudaro, vagadziri vanogona kugadzira emulsions yemafuta-mu-mvura pasina zvidziviriro kana kurongedza kunopesana nekusvibiswa kunoshandiswa.
Sezvambotaurwa, emulsions inogona zvakare kudzikamiswa chete kuburikidza neiyo viscosity optimization maitiro ekuwedzera mapolymers akadai secarbomers (polyacrylic acid). Aya magadzirirwo anonzi "quasi" emulsions nekuti kudzikamisa mhedzisiro yepolymer hakusanganisire kuita kwemeso. Zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa zvakakodzera, zvinowanzonzi "balms", kazhinji zvine zvishoma zve lipids zvakaparadzirwa mu hydrogel.
Kupararira kwakanaka kwelipids kunovimbisa kugadzikana kwemuviri uye hupenyu hwakakwana hwesherufu. Ichi chiyero uye kushushikana kwegoho kwechikamu chekunze kunoderedza kuyerera kwedonhwe, nekudaro zvinobudirira kudzvanya emulsification uye coalescence yemadonhwe emafuta.
Takataura naProfessor Hongxia Wang vekuQueensland University of Technology nezve chirongwa chitsva chine tarisiro yekushandisa graphene uye zvimwe zvinodhura kabhoni zvinhu kugadzira zvekutengesa zvinogoneka zvakanyanya-yakaderera-inochinja-chinja perovskite solar maseru.
Mubvunzurudzo iyi, AzoNano inotaura nemapurofesa Moti Segev naVladimir Shalaev, avo vakawana zvinoshamisa mumifananidzo yenguva makristasi anopikisa tsvakiridzo iripo uye dzidziso.
Mubvunzurudzo iyi, tinokurukura nzira nyowani yekumusoro-inonatsiridza Raman spectroscopy inoshandisa nanopockets kuteya mamorekuru ekunangwa, zvichiita kuti kutarisika kwakanyanya kwemakemikari maitiro.
ClearView scintillation makamera anowedzera kugona kweiyo routine transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
High-throughput co-localization imaging uye in situ nanoindentation uchishandisa Bruker Hysitron PI 89 Auto SEM.
Dzidza nezve Phe-nx's NANOS, analytical benchtop SEM inoita nekukurumidza elemental ongororo uye iri nyore kuisa nekushandisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-23-2023